Thyroid Problems — Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
Quick, reliable info for patients
What is the thyroid?
The thyroid is a small gland in the neck that controls metabolism by releasing hormones (T3, T4). When it makes too much or too little hormone, symptoms appear.
Common symptoms
- Fatigue, weight changes (gain or loss)
- Feeling too cold or too hot, hair thinning
- Irregular periods, constipation or diarrhea
- Neck swelling (goiter), palpitations, anxiety
Causes
Common causes include autoimmune conditions (Hashimoto’s, Graves’), iodine deficiency or excess, certain medicines, and thyroiditis.
Diagnosis
Blood tests (TSH, Free T4, Free T3), anti-thyroid antibodies, and sometimes ultrasound help confirm the problem.
Treatment & follow-up
Treatment depends on the cause — thyroid hormone replacement for hypothyroid, anti-thyroid drugs/radioiodine or surgery for hyperthyroid. Regular blood monitoring is essential.
Always consult an endocrinologist for personalised care.
